I spend my time, on the one hand, analyzing Chinese politics and economics in the media and, on the other hand, advising international companies on their strategies and tactics for doing business in China. My work has led me to view political systems founded on fundamental ideologies, particularly capitalism and socialism, as 19th century relics that wrought havoc in the 20th century and are useless in the 21st century. What all enlightened governments today do—or what they should do today—is to figure out optimum policies to deal with the hyper-complex, interconnected and ever-changing realities that characterize the global economy.
“Optimum” means achieving an ideal outcome, balancing myriad parameters and criteria. Optimum is usually not the “maximum” outcome, but it may be the “best” outcome. It’s a bit like flying a helicopter and having it hover. Just because the helicopter doesn’t move does not mean the pilot is doing nothing. In fact, the pilot must make multiple, small adjustments continuously just to keep the inherently unstable craft conditionally stable.
It’s like that with modern economies. What the government should or should not do, and what the private sector should or should not do is not codified in an ancient text nor can it be answered in the abstract. Only tightly targeted, situation-specific microanalysis can provide solutions to problems. These solutions will never be perfect and they will change frequently. Maximization is futile. Optimization is the key.
“The color of the cat, black or white, does not matter; a cat that catches mice is a good cat.”
How might Optimizationism impact corporations? Following are five principles for optimizing business organizations. These are not necessarily the best such principles, but they exemplify a way of thinking that can be applied in diverse situations. Appreciating ways of thinking is always superior to applying specific precepts; situations differ and adaptations are often necessary.
What is the core commonality linking these five principles? They all seek to improve corporate strategy by making changes to the status quo; and, as such, they are all optimizing processes.
Deng Xiaoping, China’s great architect of reform and the “paramount leader” of China’s economic resurgence put it best. After the death of Mao Zedong (1976), the visionary Deng, who had been purged by Mao three times, saw that the only way that China could ever develop its economy was to put aside all the heated theoretical debates about what was or what was not socialism. (To hire three workers was socialism, some had argued, but to hire four was capitalism—and must be forbidden. To own five chickens is socialism; to own six is capitalism…. You get the absurdity.)
Accordingly, Deng, a man of diminutive body but giant spirit, figured out Optimizationism—meaning that it is not the label on the policy that counts, but only the effectiveness of its output. Of course, Deng was sufficiently savvy not to coin such an obtuse-sounding neologism as my “optimizationism.” He hit pay dirt by applying an earthy aphorism from his native Sichuan province; and, because almost everyone in China got the point, it shall come to pass in the not-too-distant future that China, in only its fourth decade of reform, will become the largest economy on earth.
Deng famously said: “The color of the cat, black or white, does not matter; a cat that catches mice is a good cat.”
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